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【真题】考研英语历年真题逐句翻译_腾讯新闻(2023己更新)

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同学们,大家好!大傻考研公众号会把考研英语历年真题手译本答案制作出来,大家在做我们手译本时,可以直接拿着这篇文章对答案。想购买的同学,请猛戳此小...

同学们,大家好!大傻考研公众号会把考研英语历年真题手译本答案制作出来,大家在做我们手译本时,可以直接拿着这篇文章对答案。想购买的同学,请猛戳此小程序《考研英语手译本》或某宝复制【?pGlP1FUQBb8?】去APP里面打开即可!

第一段

It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom — or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.

All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore — and another $120 to get the results.

翻译译文:

再睿智的父亲也未必能认出自己的孩子,但现在男性能够提升其为人父的智慧或者说至少能确认自己就是孩子的父亲。他所需要做的仅仅是花30美元到邻近药店购买一份父子关系鉴定工具包(PTK) , 再花上120美元即可得到检测结果。

第二段

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last years,according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene,which makes the over-the-counter kits.

More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2,500.

翻译译文:

第三段

Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption.

DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists — and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots.

翻译译文:

基因检测中最受欢迎的有父子关系和亲属关系鉴定,被领养的孩子可利用它来找寻到血亲,家庭可利用它来追踪到给人领养的孩子。基因检测最近还在极富热情的系谱学家当中掀起一阵风——也为提供寻根问祖业务的企业提供支持。

第四段

Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing.

All tests require a potential candidate

with whom to compare DNA.

翻译译文:

大多数检测都需要用棉签蘸取口中唾液采集细胞,并将唾液送到指定公司进行检测。所有的检测都需要一位潜在对照者, 以便进行DNA比对。

第五段

But some observers are skeptical.

“There’s a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist.

He notes that each individual has many ancestors — numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back.

Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers.

This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.

翻译译文:

但一些观察家持怀疑态度。纽约大学社会学家特洛伊·达斯特说,“那些声称自己在做家谱检测的人所宣扬的是一种伪精确。”他指出,每个人都有许多位祖先——仅上溯几百年就数以百计。然而大部分家谱检测只考虑单一的谱系,或者是同一父系男性遗传的Y染色体,或者是仅通过母亲传递(给子女)的线粒体DNA。这种DNA只能揭示一两位祖先的基因信息,尽管,譬如,仅上溯三代,每个人还有另外六位曾祖,上溯四代,还有另外十四位高祖。

第六段

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared.

Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects.

This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person’s test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results.

In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

翻译译文:

批评者还指出商业基因检测的好坏只取决于用于样本比对的参考数据库。很多公司使用的数据库并未系统地收集数据,而是将不同研究项目的信息混杂合并一起。这意味着某个DNA数据库可能有来自某些地区的大量数据,但缺乏其他地区的数据,因此同一个人的检测结果会随着处理研究结果的公司不同而存在差异。另外,公司用于判定亲属关系的计算机程序可能申请了专利,从而不接受同行评审或外界评估。

试卷习题

26. In paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK’s______

[A] easy availability

[B] flexibility in pricing

[C] successful promotion

[D] popularity with households

翻译:

26.文章第一、二段说明,父子关系鉴定工具包______

[A]容易获得

[B]定价灵活

[C]推销成功

[D]受家庭欢迎

答案解析:

[定位]首段末句指出“花30美元即可从当地药店购买PTK”, 第二段首句进而指出“无需医师处方即可购买PTK, 购买者人数众多”。由此可见, “容易获得”是其特点, [A] 正确。

[解密]正确项[A] easy availability是对首段末句All he needs to do is...(PTK) a this local drugstore、二段首句More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PT Ks、available without prescriptions、over-the-counter所传递出的“PTK简单易行”的高度概括。

[B] 将第二段句“不同商家提供的DNA检测价位不同”缩小范围并曲解为“PTK定价灵活”。[C] 将第二段句“医药政策变化给PTK销售带来影响”偷换为“推销手段的影响”。[D] 将第二段句“很多人购买(More than 60, 000 people have purchased) ”的客观事实过度推导为“受到很多家庭欢迎”的主观感受。

[总结]本题形为“特点考查题”,实则考段群主旨。解答步骤为:一、用题干关键词在段落群中搜索反复出现的关键信息并归纳概括出语义重心,二、确定各项语义重点,三、将两者匹配,敲定答案。

如本题, 根据题干关键词PTK锁定首段末句及第二段首句, 并由两句深层语义重复at local drugstore、...available without prescriptions、the over-the-counter kits、sell...directly to the public推断语义重心为“PTK获取便利”;再匹配各个选项语义重心([A] 获取难易程度、[B] 定价特征、[C] 销售特点、[D]受欢迎程度)即可推导出答案[A]。

27. PTK is used to______

[A] locate one’s birth place

[B] promote genetic research

[C] identify parent-child kinship

[D] choose children for adoption

翻译:

27.父子关系鉴定工具包被用于______

[A]确定出生地

[B]促进基因研究

[C]确认亲子关系

[D]选择领养的孩子

答案解析:

[定位]第三段首句指出“父子关系(paternity testing) 和亲属关系鉴定可用来找到血亲”, 换而言之“PTK(paternity testing kit) 可用以鉴定父子/父女间直系血亲关系”;同时根据首段“现代男性可购买PTK及检验结果以鉴定自己是否为孩子亲生父亲”可以敲定PTK可用于确认父子关系, [C] 正确。

[解密]正确项[C] identify parent-child kinship是第三段首句find their biological relatives及首段句confirm that he's the kid's dad的合理概述。

[A] 将第三段句search for a family's geographic roots(寻找家族地域根源) 偷换成“确定个人出生地”。[B] 将第三段句the latest rage among genealogists(系谱学家中新近流行) 偷换成“促进基因研究”[D]将第三段句“追查被他人领养的孩子的下落”偷换成“选择自己要领养的孩子”。

[总结]避开命题人思路寻找其他线索可谓解答事实细节题的一个捷径。如本题,命题人实就第三段基因检测功能命题(详见“深层解读”),却取其中某一形式的特定功能而设题,所以只要找到这一具体形式的具体功能(第一段中很明确地讲述了PTK的功能:confirm that he's the kd's dad) 即可快速解题, 干扰项常利用整体功能混淆视听, 视觉混淆尤为常见, 其中[A] 视觉混淆family's geographic roots、[B] 视觉混淆the latest rage among passionate genealogists、[D] 视觉混淆track down kids put up for adoption。

28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to______

[A] trace distant ancestors

[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines

[C] fully use genetic information

[D] achieve the claimed accuracy

翻译:

28.持怀疑态度的观察家认为家谱检测不能

[A]追溯年代久远的祖先

[B]重建可靠的血统谱系

[C]充分利用基因信息

[D]达到(检测者)所宣称的精确度

答案解析:

[定位]第五段句以Duster这位观察家之言指出:人们所鼓吹的家谱检测的精确性是“伪”的,换而言之,精确性还有待提高。[D]正确。

[解密]题干+正确项[D] 是第五段主题句(句) 的同义改写, 其中fails to achieve和the claimed accuracy分别对应文中的false和precision being hawked。

[A] distant ancestors因段中just a few centuries back、great-great-grandparents而来, 却将文意“家谱检测遗漏其他众多祖先信息(reveal...about only one or two) ”曲解为“不能追溯久远祖先(fail to trace distant ancestors) ”。[B] 将文中only considers a single lineage、reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors(家谱检测只考虑单一谱系, 只能揭示一两位祖先的基因信息) 所蕴藏文意“无法揭示完整的谱系信息”偷换为“无法建立可靠的谱系”。[C] 将原文reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors所蕴藏文意“未能完全充分地揭示祖先的基因信息”偷换为“无法充分利用基因信息”。

[总结]针对文中人物观点题, 首先要寻找观点标记词(句says) 定位原文, 再从定位处寻找情感色彩表达词(句false precision) 初步敲定正确项, 如此可初步断定[D] 的正确性, 继而根据段中带负面色彩、或局限性语义的句(false precision、Yet...only considers a single lineage、reveal...about only one or two ancestors) 可最终敲定[D] (fail to) achieve the claimed accuracy与此负面语义对应, 故正确。

29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is______

[A] disorganized data collection

[B] overlapping database building

[C] excessive sample comparison

[D] lack of patent evaluation

翻译:

29.末段指出,商业基因检测面临的一个问题是_______

[A]数据收集杂乱无章

[B]数据库重复建设

[C]样本比对过多

[D]缺乏专利评估

答案解析:

[定位]末段句指出,商业基因检测公司使用的数据库并未系统地收集数据,而是将多个研究项目的信息混杂在一起。[A]为正确选项。

[解密] 正确项[A] disorganized data collection是第六段句don't relyon data collected systematically but rather lump together information的同义替换。

[B] 将句have alot of data from some regions and not others“数据地区来源不均衡”曲解为“数据重复(overlapping) ”。[C] 取段中sample, compared, alot of data碎片化信息捏造出“样本比对过多(excessive sample comparison) ”。[D] 将句“基因检测计算机程序申请专利且不接受外界评估(the computer programs...maybe patented and not subject to...outside evaluation) ”偷换为“缺乏专利评估(lack of patent evaluation) 。

[总结]本题形似考查综合性事实细节,实对段中既体现段落主旨又集词汇、语法难点于一身的长难句句设题。解题时重在借助逻辑连接词、近义/同义复现、特殊句式结构等找到全段语义重心,并根据特殊句式或逻辑连接词推断难点词汇之意。具体思路:借助关联词In addition可将段落分为前后两部分;再借近义/同义复现reference collections、Databases、DNA database推知前部分落脚点在“数据库”, 由此可基本确定数据库为主要批判点(重心即考点) , 从而锁定均关乎数据库的[A] disorganized(源自句don't relyon data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects) 、[B]overlapping(源于句have alot of data from some regions and not others) ;最后借助取舍结构not A but rather B(不是A而是B) 、from A and not B(来自A而不是B) 可知两句语义重心在“信息收集不系统(也即lump together之意) 、地域分布不均”问题上, 只有[A] 符合要求。

30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be______

[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing

[B] DNA Testing and Its Problems

[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab

[D] Lies Behind DNA Testing

翻译:

30.本文恰当的题目可能是______

[A] DNA检测的利弊

[B] DNA检测及其存在的问题

[C]实实验室外的DNA检测

[D]DNA检测背后的谎言

答案解析:

[定位]文首两段引出DNA检测;中间两段介绍DNA检测的用途及条件;末两段分析指出DNA检测的问题。[B] 最切合文意。

[解密]正确项[B]是对全篇全部内容的覆盖,又明确了文章论述的对象。

[A] 中For s源自第三段Among the most popular、the latest rage among passionate genealogists(最流行的有……、最近在狂热系谱学家中……) 等内容而来, 令学生可能产生作者在讲述“DNA检测的优点”的错觉, 而那只是对DNA检测的客观介绍, 并非意指其“好的方面”。[C] 将第二段“available without prescriptions、over-the-counter(无需处方即可获得) ”视为“DNA Testing Outside the Lab(实验室外的DNA检测) ”, 而商业基因检测并非就是实验室外的基因检测。[D] 根据第五段skeptical、false precision(怀疑的、伪精确性) 等内容而来, 但文意旨在“揭示DNA检测只能揭示一两位祖先信息, 精确性有待提高”, 而选项中Lies(谎言) 贬义色彩过重, 而且该选项没有涵盖前四段对DNA testing的介绍。

[总结]命题点通常依全篇布局均匀分布,因此纵观其他四道题题干以窥视全篇主旨内容不失为解答文章主旨题(标题题) 的捷径。具体思路为:纵观其他四题, 前两题针对首四段, 考查PTK(DNA检测一种) 的特点、用途(availablity、pricing, used to) ;第三、四题针对末两段, 考查DNA检测的弊端(fails, problem) ;就此可见, 文章对DNA检测的特点、用途及问题都做了诠释, [B] 能涵盖这些信息。

——以上答疑部分出自张剑老师《黄皮书》系列!

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