1999年考研英语阅览真题及解析【第一篇】(1999年考研英语答案)
小编：passage1?注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。? ? ?? ?it misfortunes.
? ? ? feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever longer warning labels, tryin...
passage1?注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。? ? ?? ?it misfortunes.
? ? ? feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might——surprise!——fall off. the label on a child.
? ? ??while warnings are often appropriate and necessary-the dangers of drug interactions, for example-and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. about 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.
? ? ??now the tide appears to be turning. as personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnsays a law professor at cornell law school who helped draft the new guidelines. if the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
一、文章规划分析
? ? ? ?这是一篇法令体裁的文章。它客观叙说了人身损伤索赔的来由、打开和改变，以?髋獍杆ゼ暗幕ǚ颜撸ㄔ妫⒐荆ū桓妫┖头ㄍト矫娴姆从Γ刂赋龇ㄍデ樾鞯母亩?br> ? ? ? ?第一段至第三段：介绍曩昔人身损伤索赔案的特征。因为法庭老是倾向于让公司担任，公司初步写出冗长的警示语来避免承担法令责任。但即便这样也不能维护它们免受制裁。该有些运用了例子法。
? ? ? ?第四段：指呈如今情况发生了改变，一些法庭初步站到公司（被告）一边，一起警示语初步真实起到维护花费者利益的作用。该有些运用了例子和引证阐明。
11.what were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?
[a] customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.
[b]injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.
[c] companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.
[d] juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.
11.在20世纪80年代当发生事端时，情况会如何？
[a]顾客可以经过诉讼而免受灾害。
[b]受伤的顾客有望得到法令体系的维护。
[c]公司将经过供给新的警示语避免被申述。
[d]陪审团倾向于对公司所承诺的抵偿严加挑剔。
12.manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to.
[a]satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products
[b]become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products
[c]make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability
[d]feel obliged to view customers哒 safety as their first concern
12.文中提及出产厂商一般。
[a]经过在产品上写长长的警示语使顾客满足
[b]诚笃描绘自个产品缺乏
[c]充分使用标签避免法令责任
[d]不得不视顾客的平安为自个的第一思考
13.the case of schutt helmet demonstrated that.
[a] some injury claims were no longer supported by law
[b] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries
[c] product labels would eventually be discarded
[d]some sports games might lose popularity with athletes
13.schutt头盔的事例阐明。
[a]某些因为损伤提出的索赔不再受法令的维护
[b]头盔不是被方案用来避免损伤的
[c]产品标签究竟将被选择
[d]运建议可以不再热心于某些体育运动项目
14.the authors attitude towards the issue seems to be.
[a]biased
[b]indifferent
[c]puzzling
[d]objective
14.作者对所谈论的疑问的情绪如同是。
[a]有成见的
[b]冷酷的
[c]利诱不解的
[d]客观的
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇
中心词汇①anticipate?
vt.
*1.预期，意料例：anticipated the hard winter ahead 预见料到前面的严冬
2.期盼，等待（尤指功德）例：ianticipated the interview with pleasure.我开心肠等待着这次接见会面。
3.早于（别人）采纳行为，抢先一步，先于……之前（做）例：when i arrived，i found that he had anticipated me.当我抵达时我发现他已先到过那里。
②cape?
n.[c]
*1.斗篷，披风，披肩
2.（常用于地舆称号）海角；例：the cape of good hope好望角
③have/get/follow one’s（own）way自认为是，随心所欲，随心所欲例：since he insists，i let him have his way.已然他坚持，我就由着他。
④liable adj.
*1.（法令上）有抵偿责任的（后跟介词for）例：manufacturers are liable for any defects in the equipment.制造商对设备的任何缺陷都负有抵偿责任。
2.易于（可以，倾向于）做某事（尤指意外的作业）例：in a depression banks are liable to fail.惨白时期银行一般关闭。
3.易出疑问的，易生病的；可以受（尤指成果不好的作业）影响（后跟介词to）
例：liable to diabetes 易患糖尿病的；liability n.（法令上对某事物的抵偿等）责任，责任；负债，债款；受某物影响的倾向（尤指不好的事物）
⑤moderate a.
1.中等的，适度的例：a moderate sized garden中型花园
2.（尤指政治观念、崇奉等）不极点的，温文的，不过火的*
3.有控制的，不过火的，合理的例：moderate wage demands合理的薪酬需求
vi.&vt.
（使）陡峭，（使）减轻，控制，抑制
例：the students moderated their demands.学生们降低了他们的需求。
⑥side with sb（against sb/sth）撑持或人（对立…），和或人站在一同（对立…）
例：the kids always sided with their mother against me.孩子们老是和母亲站在一边，跟我唱对台戏。
⑦slip vi.
*1.滑；滑倒，失足
2.to move quickly，smoothly，or secretly 灵敏移动；悄然溜走（常跟介词或副词运用）
例：nobody saw her slip silently out.没有人看到她悄然地溜了出去。
vt.把……悄然放在或递给……
例：i slipped a note into his hand under the table.我悄然从桌子底下塞给他一张条子。
n.[c]
1.滑动；滑倒
2.小纸片，纸条
3.a small mistake小差错
例：a slip of the tongue/pen 口误/笔误
⑧weight n.
1.[u，c]分量，分量
2.a great responsibility or worry重担，重担，重压
例：the news was certainly a weight off my mind.这个消息真是去掉了我心里的重担。
*3.[u]importance，influence or strength重要性，影响力，实力
例：the many letter of support added weight to the campaign.许多援助信添加了这场运动的影响力。
超纲词汇：tort n.民事侵权行为；tort law侵权法；
bombard v.轰炸，炮击；许多发问，大举冲击，供给过多信息
三、阅览答案：b c a d
四、全文翻译：
? ? ? 外面是一个风险的世界。迈落发门时，你可以会滑倒在
门垫上，而摔伤一条腿。点着炉灶时，你可以会把房子烧掉。（长难句①）不过还算走运的是，假定门垫或炉灶上没有警示语提示你可以发生的风险，那么一场成功的诉讼或答应以抵偿你所受的损伤。这种主意大约自20世纪80年代初初步传达，那时陪审团初步认为更多的公司应对其客户所遭受的意外担任。
? ? ? ?因为感到了挟制，公司方面做出了反应：写出越来越长的警示语，力求预先标明种种可以发生的事端。如今，活梯上贴着几英寸长的警告标签，除了其他警告事项外，还警告你可以会摔下来，几乎是难以想象！贴在儿童的蝙蝠侠披风上的标签也劝诫说，本玩具“无法让用户飞翔”。
? ? ? ? 尽管警示语常常是合理而必要的（如警告药物有彼此作用的风险），而且许多是州或联邦法规所需求的，可是当花费者受伤时，这些警示语能否真实维护制造商和出售商使之免于承担责任，却还很难说。（长难句）被受伤的花费者告上法庭的公司中，大约一半会败诉。
? ? ? ? ?如今这种趋势如同正在改动。（佳句①）尽管自个损伤索赔案子如以往相同不断发生，但有些法庭已初步站到被告一方，特别是在处置那些有警告标签也可以无法避免损伤的案子时。五月份，伊利诺斯州的schutt体育公司总裁朱利·尼蒙斯就成功地打赢了这样一场官司。一名橄榄球队员戴着该公司的头盔在一场竞赛中受伤瘫痪，遂将该公司告上法庭。尼蒙斯说：?闪颂被荆勖欠浅０矗勖欠桨竿房皇俏吮苊庹饫嗨鹕说摹！迸闵笸乓踩衔钩筛迷私ㄒ槭苌说氖钦庀钤硕旧淼姆缦招裕皇峭房Ｓ氪艘黄穑劳醴ㄑЩ嵋弧蝗核祷拔薰睾曛嫉姆ü佟⒙墒Α⒆摇⒉剂诵碌那秩ǚǜǖ荚颍婀静槐鼐竟丝湍切┣宄魑姆缦眨蛐砀丝土谐鲆环萑叱さ目梢杂龅降姆缦盏那宓ァ＃ǔつ丫洧郏┛的味笱Хㄑг阂晃徊渭悠鸩菪赂ǖ荚虻慕淌谒担爸匾男畔⒒嵬堂辉谙钢δ┙诘暮棋小薄＃丫洧冢┘俣ǜ梅罴宓恼庖皇手械姆秸肟梢酝瓿桑飞瞎└木拘畔⒕筒辉偈俏惚芊钤鹑味瑁俏せǚ颜呃娑└恕?br>
? ? ? feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might——surprise!——fall off. the label on a child.
? ? ??while warnings are often appropriate and necessary-the dangers of drug interactions, for example-and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. about 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.
? ? ??now the tide appears to be turning. as personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnsays a law professor at cornell law school who helped draft the new guidelines. if the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
一、文章规划分析
? ? ? ?这是一篇法令体裁的文章。它客观叙说了人身损伤索赔的来由、打开和改变，以?髋獍杆ゼ暗幕ǚ颜撸ㄔ妫⒐荆ū桓妫┖头ㄍト矫娴姆从Γ刂赋龇ㄍデ樾鞯母亩?br> ? ? ? ?第一段至第三段：介绍曩昔人身损伤索赔案的特征。因为法庭老是倾向于让公司担任，公司初步写出冗长的警示语来避免承担法令责任。但即便这样也不能维护它们免受制裁。该有些运用了例子法。
? ? ? ?第四段：指呈如今情况发生了改变，一些法庭初步站到公司（被告）一边，一起警示语初步真实起到维护花费者利益的作用。该有些运用了例子和引证阐明。
11.what were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?
[a] customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.
[b]injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.
[c] companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.
[d] juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.
11.在20世纪80年代当发生事端时，情况会如何？
[a]顾客可以经过诉讼而免受灾害。
[b]受伤的顾客有望得到法令体系的维护。
[c]公司将经过供给新的警示语避免被申述。
[d]陪审团倾向于对公司所承诺的抵偿严加挑剔。
12.manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to.
[a]satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products
[b]become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products
[c]make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability
[d]feel obliged to view customers哒 safety as their first concern
12.文中提及出产厂商一般。
[a]经过在产品上写长长的警示语使顾客满足
[b]诚笃描绘自个产品缺乏
[c]充分使用标签避免法令责任
[d]不得不视顾客的平安为自个的第一思考
13.the case of schutt helmet demonstrated that.
[a] some injury claims were no longer supported by law
[b] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries
[c] product labels would eventually be discarded
[d]some sports games might lose popularity with athletes
13.schutt头盔的事例阐明。
[a]某些因为损伤提出的索赔不再受法令的维护
[b]头盔不是被方案用来避免损伤的
[c]产品标签究竟将被选择
[d]运建议可以不再热心于某些体育运动项目
14.the authors attitude towards the issue seems to be.
[a]biased
[b]indifferent
[c]puzzling
[d]objective
14.作者对所谈论的疑问的情绪如同是。
[a]有成见的
[b]冷酷的
[c]利诱不解的
[d]客观的
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇
中心词汇①anticipate?
vt.
*1.预期，意料例：anticipated the hard winter ahead 预见料到前面的严冬
2.期盼，等待（尤指功德）例：ianticipated the interview with pleasure.我开心肠等待着这次接见会面。
3.早于（别人）采纳行为，抢先一步，先于……之前（做）例：when i arrived，i found that he had anticipated me.当我抵达时我发现他已先到过那里。
②cape?
n.[c]
*1.斗篷，披风，披肩
2.（常用于地舆称号）海角；例：the cape of good hope好望角
③have/get/follow one’s（own）way自认为是，随心所欲，随心所欲例：since he insists，i let him have his way.已然他坚持，我就由着他。
④liable adj.
*1.（法令上）有抵偿责任的（后跟介词for）例：manufacturers are liable for any defects in the equipment.制造商对设备的任何缺陷都负有抵偿责任。
2.易于（可以，倾向于）做某事（尤指意外的作业）例：in a depression banks are liable to fail.惨白时期银行一般关闭。
3.易出疑问的，易生病的；可以受（尤指成果不好的作业）影响（后跟介词to）
例：liable to diabetes 易患糖尿病的；liability n.（法令上对某事物的抵偿等）责任，责任；负债，债款；受某物影响的倾向（尤指不好的事物）
⑤moderate a.
1.中等的，适度的例：a moderate sized garden中型花园
2.（尤指政治观念、崇奉等）不极点的，温文的，不过火的*
3.有控制的，不过火的，合理的例：moderate wage demands合理的薪酬需求
vi.&vt.
（使）陡峭，（使）减轻，控制，抑制
例：the students moderated their demands.学生们降低了他们的需求。
⑥side with sb（against sb/sth）撑持或人（对立…），和或人站在一同（对立…）
例：the kids always sided with their mother against me.孩子们老是和母亲站在一边，跟我唱对台戏。
⑦slip vi.
*1.滑；滑倒，失足
2.to move quickly，smoothly，or secretly 灵敏移动；悄然溜走（常跟介词或副词运用）
例：nobody saw her slip silently out.没有人看到她悄然地溜了出去。
vt.把……悄然放在或递给……
例：i slipped a note into his hand under the table.我悄然从桌子底下塞给他一张条子。
n.[c]
1.滑动；滑倒
2.小纸片，纸条
3.a small mistake小差错
例：a slip of the tongue/pen 口误/笔误
⑧weight n.
1.[u，c]分量，分量
2.a great responsibility or worry重担，重担，重压
例：the news was certainly a weight off my mind.这个消息真是去掉了我心里的重担。
*3.[u]importance，influence or strength重要性，影响力，实力
例：the many letter of support added weight to the campaign.许多援助信添加了这场运动的影响力。
超纲词汇：tort n.民事侵权行为；tort law侵权法；
bombard v.轰炸，炮击；许多发问，大举冲击，供给过多信息
三、阅览答案：b c a d
四、全文翻译：
? ? ? 外面是一个风险的世界。迈落发门时，你可以会滑倒在
门垫上，而摔伤一条腿。点着炉灶时，你可以会把房子烧掉。（长难句①）不过还算走运的是，假定门垫或炉灶上没有警示语提示你可以发生的风险，那么一场成功的诉讼或答应以抵偿你所受的损伤。这种主意大约自20世纪80年代初初步传达，那时陪审团初步认为更多的公司应对其客户所遭受的意外担任。
? ? ? ?因为感到了挟制，公司方面做出了反应：写出越来越长的警示语，力求预先标明种种可以发生的事端。如今，活梯上贴着几英寸长的警告标签，除了其他警告事项外，还警告你可以会摔下来，几乎是难以想象！贴在儿童的蝙蝠侠披风上的标签也劝诫说，本玩具“无法让用户飞翔”。
? ? ? ? 尽管警示语常常是合理而必要的（如警告药物有彼此作用的风险），而且许多是州或联邦法规所需求的，可是当花费者受伤时，这些警示语能否真实维护制造商和出售商使之免于承担责任，却还很难说。（长难句）被受伤的花费者告上法庭的公司中，大约一半会败诉。
? ? ? ? ?如今这种趋势如同正在改动。（佳句①）尽管自个损伤索赔案子如以往相同不断发生，但有些法庭已初步站到被告一方，特别是在处置那些有警告标签也可以无法避免损伤的案子时。五月份，伊利诺斯州的schutt体育公司总裁朱利·尼蒙斯就成功地打赢了这样一场官司。一名橄榄球队员戴着该公司的头盔在一场竞赛中受伤瘫痪，遂将该公司告上法庭。尼蒙斯说：?闪颂被荆勖欠浅０矗勖欠桨竿房皇俏吮苊庹饫嗨鹕说摹！迸闵笸乓踩衔钩筛迷私ㄒ槭苌说氖钦庀钤硕旧淼姆缦招裕皇峭房Ｓ氪艘黄穑劳醴ㄑЩ嵋弧蝗核祷拔薰睾曛嫉姆ü佟⒙墒Α⒆摇⒉剂诵碌那秩ǚǜǖ荚颍婀静槐鼐竟丝湍切┣宄魑姆缦眨蛐砀丝土谐鲆环萑叱さ目梢杂龅降姆缦盏那宓ァ＃ǔつ丫洧郏┛的味笱Хㄑг阂晃徊渭悠鸩菪赂ǖ荚虻慕淌谒担爸匾男畔⒒嵬堂辉谙钢δ┙诘暮棋小薄＃丫洧冢┘俣ǜ梅罴宓恼庖皇手械姆秸肟梢酝瓿桑飞瞎└木拘畔⒕筒辉偈俏惚芊钤鹑味瑁俏せǚ颜呃娑└恕?br>
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